How fast will my car charge at home?
There are many variables that affect the speed of charge in a home charging station, whether Level 1 or 2. One of the main determinants is the car’s battery size. Just as it takes more gasoline to fill a large gas tank, an EV with a larger battery and longer range will take longer to charge. Other factors that affect charging time include battery temperature, ambient temperature, and other draws on the electrical system at the time of charge.
Another variable that will affect an EV’s charging time is the current state of charge. Because of their chemistry, batteries can accept more power at lower charge levels, while slowing the charge significantly the closer the battery is to 100%. This means that charging a car from 20% to 70% might only take a few minutes, while charging it from 70% to full will take substantially longer.
Beyond battery capacity and state of charge, another element influencing charging time is the car’s charging capacity. Not all EVs are rated to accept the same charging power.
While some may be able to take up to 350 kWh fast charging, many are limited to much lower power inputs, often between 100 kWh and 150 kWh. The same applies to slower AC charging: while the theoretical maximum charging power is 22 kWh, many cars can only use 7.4 kWh or 11 kWh.
Keeping those variables in mind, under ideal circumstances, a Level 2 charger is likely to charge your vehicle from 20% to 100% in 8-10 hours, while it will take a Level 1 charger 24 hours or longer to reach a maximum charge.
Overall, the exact charging speed of your EV at home will vary depending on the factors mentioned above. It's essential to consider your daily driving habits, charging needs, and access to suitable charging infrastructure when planning your EV charging setup at home. If you require faster charging speeds or have specific charging requirements, you may want to consider installing a Level 2 charging station for optimal convenience and flexibility.
Should I charge my car every night?
This depends on how often you drive, but it is unlikely that you will need to charge every night unless you drive close to the maximum vehicle range on a daily basis.
The best practice for your EV will be outlined by the manufacturer, but it is likely recommended to keep the battery charged between 20-80% capacity and to only charge when it is necessary. This is because lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly used in EVs, prefer to be kept at a moderate state of charge for optimal performance. Charging your EV to 100% every night and allowing it to sit at full charge for extended periods may contribute to faster battery degradation over time. Be sure to follow the recommendations for your make and model of vehicle.
Can I install an EVSE outside, or do I need a garage?
It is not necessary to install your EVSE inside a garage. Here are some considerations for installing an EVSE outside:
- Weatherproofing: Ensure that the EVSE unit you choose is rated for outdoor use and has adequate weatherproofing to withstand exposure to rain, snow, and other environmental conditions. Weatherproof enclosures and proper installation techniques can help protect the EVSE from moisture and temperature fluctuations.
- Location: Choose a location for the EVSE that provides easy access in all seasons to your EV while allowing for safe and convenient charging. Avoid placing the EVSE in areas prone to flooding, snow drifting or where it may be exposed to excessive sunlight or debris.
- Mounting: The EVSE unit should be securely mounted to a stable surface, such as a wall or sturdy post, using appropriate mounting hardware. Ensure that the mounting location allows for proper cable management and strain relief to prevent damage to the charging cable.
- Electrical Requirements: Outdoor EVSE installations may require additional electrical considerations, such as the need for GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) protection and proper grounding.
- Cable Length: Consider the length of the charging cable and ensure that it can reach your vehicle from the EVSE location without stretching or becoming taut. Extension cords should never be used as they pose safety hazards and may not provide adequate power delivery.
What size electrical service do I need?
Most Level 2 Chargers require between 40 - 60 amps, with some larger chargers going as high as 100 amps. If you have the space in your electrical panel, and the available amperage, installation of a Level 2 Charger is quite straightforward.
In many cases where the draw on the electrical service is already close to the maximum allowed (which is likely if you have a 100 amp service), there will not be space to add a Level 2 charger without a service upgrade.
Upgrading your electrical service may be the best option for you if you are considering other updates in your house beyond the installation of a EVSE. Common renovations that often require a service upgrade include heat pump furnaces, mini-split heating units, solar panels, and hot tubs.
If upgrading your service is not an option for you at this time, there are a few options for limiting the amperage of your EVSE to ensure that it does not try to draw more than your electrical service will allow. By lowering the amperage available to the EVSE (which reduces the speed of your charge) or installing a load bearing system (which monitors the total power draw of the house, and where necessary it shuts down an EVSE), there may be ways to install a Level 2 charger on a 100 amp service.
If you wonder whether you have space in your electrical system, please reach out. We’ll be happy to help you determine this before you purchase your vehicle!
What sort of maintenance does a home charging station require?
EVSE units generally require minimal maintenance compared to other household appliances. With everyday use, these chargers are designed to last years before they require servicing. However, there are some basic maintenance tasks you can perform to ensure optimal performance and safety:
- Regular Inspection: Periodically inspect the charging station for any signs of damage, wear, or corrosion. Check the power cord, plug, and charging connector for any cracks, fraying, or other issues that may indicate a need for repair or replacement.
- Cleaning: Keep the charging station clean and free of dirt, dust, and debris that could interfere with proper operation. Use a soft, damp cloth to wipe down the exterior surfaces and remove any buildup around the charging connector.
- Cable Management: Properly coil and store the charging cable when not in use to prevent kinks, tangles, and damage. Avoid placing heavy objects on top of the cable or leaving it exposed to extreme temperatures or sunlight for prolonged periods.
- Firmware Updates: Some EVSE models may receive firmware updates to improve performance, add new features, or address security vulnerabilities. Check the manufacturer's website or contact customer support to see if updates are available for your charging station.
- Professional Inspection: Consider scheduling periodic inspections by a qualified electrician to ensure that the charging station is installed correctly and operating safely. An electrician can also check the electrical connections, grounding, and overall condition of the charging system.
It's essential to follow the manufacturer's maintenance guidelines and recommendations specific to your EVSE model. By performing routine maintenance and addressing any issues promptly, you can ensure that your home charging station continues to provide reliable and efficient charging for your electric vehicle.
